| Phase | Rehabilitation | Precautions |
| Day 0 | Sling 4 weeks; hand/elbow/wrist ROM; pendulums; scapular retractions. | Sling 4–6 weeks (off for exercises). No active elevation or ER past neutral initially. |
| 0–2 weeks | Passive flexion/abd in supine to 60–90°; ER/IR to 20–30° (pain-free); continue scapula/prehab exercises. | Avoid weight on arm; no sudden movements. |
| 2–4 weeks | Increase passive ROM to 120°; begin active-assisted flexion/abd (table slides); maintain sling when not doing exercises. | No lifting; no behind-back until soft-tissues heal. |
| 4–6 weeks | Wean sling by 6 weeks; initiate active ROM to full flexion/abd and ER/IR (as comfort); begin isometrics. | Avoid strain at fracture site. |
| 6–12 weeks | Strengthening cuff and deltoid gradually; wean sling completely; full active use of arm. | Functional activities as tolerated. |
| 12+ weeks | Return to all activities (once union confirmed). |
Key Points: Protect bone fixation – no aggressive stretching for 6 weeks[50]. Limit ER/extension initially. By 6 weeks aim for good ROM, strength after fracture union.
Return: Light use at ~6 weeks; heavy use ~12 weeks (after union). Sports ~3–6 months depending on fracture.