| Day 0 |
Sling in neutral (gunslinger) for 2–4 weeks; hand/wrist exercises; elbow ROM. |
Sling 2–4 weeks, day & night; protect repair. |
| 0–2 weeks |
Pendular exercises; passive/active-assisted flexion/abd up to 90°; ER to neutral only (scapular plane). Gentle isometrics (e.g. deltoid). |
No ER >0° (often to 30°) and no extension/IR behind back for 6 weeks. No cross-body adduction. |
| 2–4 weeks |
Continue passive ROM (stretch ER gradually up to safe limit); gradually increase flexion/abd to full ROM as allowed. Scapular stabilizers. |
Avoid load or stress across anterior capsule (no pushing off). |
| 4–6 weeks |
Wean out of sling; begin active ROM (flexion, abd, ER) within safe range. Introduce gentle CCKC exercises (e.g. table push-ups at 90°). |
No lifting >1–2 kg; still avoid combined abd/ER beyond safe zone. |
| 6–12 weeks |
Strengthen rotator cuff, deltoid, scapular muscles; advance AROM to full (avoid stretching into pain). Work on proprioception (CCKC). |
No contact sports or heavy lifting until 12+ weeks. |
| 12+ weeks |
Full strengthening program; gradual return to sports. Throwing/sport-specific drills typically at ~4–6 months. |
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